Higher vaccine effectiveness in seasons with predominant circulation of seasonal influenza A(H1N1) than in A(H3N2) seasons: test-negative case-control studies using surveillance data, Spain, 2003-2011.
Identifieur interne : 000221 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000220; suivant : 000222Higher vaccine effectiveness in seasons with predominant circulation of seasonal influenza A(H1N1) than in A(H3N2) seasons: test-negative case-control studies using surveillance data, Spain, 2003-2011.
Auteurs : Camelia Savulescu [Espagne] ; Silvia Jiménez-Jorge [Espagne] ; Concha Delgado-Sanz [Espagne] ; Salvador De Mateo [Espagne] ; Francisco Pozo [Espagne] ; Inmaculada Casas [Espagne] ; Amparo Larrauri [Espagne]Source :
- Vaccine [ 1873-2518 ] ; 2014.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- Adolescent (MeSH), Adulte (MeSH), Adulte d'âge moyen (MeSH), Enfant (MeSH), Enfant d'âge préscolaire (MeSH), Espagne (épidémiologie), Femelle (MeSH), Grippe humaine (prévention et contrôle), Grippe humaine (virologie), Grippe humaine (épidémiologie), Humains (MeSH), Jeune adulte (MeSH), Mâle (MeSH), Nourrisson (MeSH), Nouveau-né (MeSH), Résultat thérapeutique (MeSH), Sous-type H1N1 du virus de la grippe A (immunologie), Sous-type H1N1 du virus de la grippe A (isolement et purification), Sous-type H3N2 du virus de la grippe A (immunologie), Sous-type H3N2 du virus de la grippe A (isolement et purification), Sujet âgé (MeSH), Sujet âgé de 80 ans ou plus (MeSH), Vaccins antigrippaux (administration et posologie), Vaccins antigrippaux (immunologie), Études cas-témoins (MeSH).
- MESH :
- administration et posologie : Vaccins antigrippaux.
- immunologie : Sous-type H1N1 du virus de la grippe A, Sous-type H3N2 du virus de la grippe A, Vaccins antigrippaux.
- isolement et purification : Sous-type H1N1 du virus de la grippe A, Sous-type H3N2 du virus de la grippe A.
- prévention et contrôle : Grippe humaine.
- virologie : Grippe humaine.
- épidémiologie : Espagne, Grippe humaine.
- Adolescent, Adulte, Adulte d'âge moyen, Enfant, Enfant d'âge préscolaire, Femelle, Humains, Jeune adulte, Mâle, Nourrisson, Nouveau-né, Résultat thérapeutique, Sujet âgé, Sujet âgé de 80 ans ou plus, Études cas-témoins.
- Wicri :
- geographic : Espagne.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Adolescent (MeSH), Adult (MeSH), Aged (MeSH), Aged, 80 and over (MeSH), Case-Control Studies (MeSH), Child (MeSH), Child, Preschool (MeSH), Female (MeSH), Humans (MeSH), Infant (MeSH), Infant, Newborn (MeSH), Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype (immunology), Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype (isolation & purification), Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype (immunology), Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype (isolation & purification), Influenza Vaccines (administration & dosage), Influenza Vaccines (immunology), Influenza, Human (epidemiology), Influenza, Human (prevention & control), Influenza, Human (virology), Male (MeSH), Middle Aged (MeSH), Spain (epidemiology), Treatment Outcome (MeSH), Young Adult (MeSH).
- MESH :
- chemical , administration & dosage : Influenza Vaccines.
- geographic , epidemiology : Spain.
- epidemiology : Influenza, Human.
- immunology : Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype, Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype, Influenza Vaccines.
- isolation & purification : Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype, Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype.
- prevention & control : Influenza, Human.
- virology : Influenza, Human.
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Case-Control Studies, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Middle Aged, Treatment Outcome, Young Adult.
Abstract
BACKGROUND
We used data provided by the Spanish influenza surveillance system to measure seasonal influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) against medically attended cases, laboratory confirmed with the predominately circulating influenza virus over eight seasons (2003-2011).
METHODS
Using the test-negative case-control design, we compared the vaccination status of swabbed influenza-like illnesses (ILI) patients who were laboratory confirmed with predominantly circulating influenza strain in the season (cases) to that of ILI patients testing negative for any influenza (controls). Data on age, sex, vaccination status and laboratory results were available for all seasons. We used logistic regression to calculate adjusted influenza VE for age, week of swabbing, Spanish region and season. We calculated the influenza VE by each season and pooling the seasons with the same predominant type/subtype.
RESULTS
Overall influenza VE against infection with A(H3N2) subtype (four seasons) was 31 (95% confidence interval (CI):10; 48). For seasonal influenza A(H1N1) (two seasons), the effectiveness was 86% (95% CI: 65; 94). Against B infection (three seasons), influenza VE was 47% (95% CI: 27; 62).
CONCLUSIONS
The Spanish influenza surveillance system allowed estimating influenza VE in the studied seasons for the predominant strain. Strengthening the influenza surveillance will result in more precise VE estimates for decision making.
DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.06.063
PubMed: 24968153
Affiliations:
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
Le document en format XML
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Electronic address: camisav@gmail.com.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Health Carlos III, National Centre of Epidemiology, c/Monforte de Lemos No. 5, 28029 Madrid</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region nuts="2" type="communauté">Communauté de Madrid</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jimenez Jorge, Silvia" sort="Jimenez Jorge, Silvia" uniqKey="Jimenez Jorge S" first="Silvia" last="Jiménez-Jorge">Silvia Jiménez-Jorge</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Health Carlos III, National Centre of Epidemiology, c/Monforte de Lemos No. 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Health Carlos III, National Centre of Epidemiology, c/Monforte de Lemos No. 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Delgado Sanz, Concha" sort="Delgado Sanz, Concha" uniqKey="Delgado Sanz C" first="Concha" last="Delgado-Sanz">Concha Delgado-Sanz</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Health Carlos III, National Centre of Epidemiology, c/Monforte de Lemos No. 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Health Carlos III, National Centre of Epidemiology, c/Monforte de Lemos No. 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Mateo, Salvador" sort="De Mateo, Salvador" uniqKey="De Mateo S" first="Salvador" last="De Mateo">Salvador De Mateo</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Health Carlos III, National Centre of Epidemiology, c/Monforte de Lemos No. 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Health Carlos III, National Centre of Epidemiology, c/Monforte de Lemos No. 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pozo, Francisco" sort="Pozo, Francisco" uniqKey="Pozo F" first="Francisco" last="Pozo">Francisco Pozo</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Health Carlos III, Influenza Reference Laboratory, WHO National Influenza Centre, National Centre for Microbiology, 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Health Carlos III, Influenza Reference Laboratory, WHO National Influenza Centre, National Centre for Microbiology, 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Casas, Inmaculada" sort="Casas, Inmaculada" uniqKey="Casas I" first="Inmaculada" last="Casas">Inmaculada Casas</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Health Carlos III, Influenza Reference Laboratory, WHO National Influenza Centre, National Centre for Microbiology, 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Health Carlos III, Influenza Reference Laboratory, WHO National Influenza Centre, National Centre for Microbiology, 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Larrauri, Amparo" sort="Larrauri, Amparo" uniqKey="Larrauri A" first="Amparo" last="Larrauri">Amparo Larrauri</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Health Carlos III, National Centre of Epidemiology, c/Monforte de Lemos No. 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Health Carlos III, National Centre of Epidemiology, c/Monforte de Lemos No. 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region></placeName></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2014">2014</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:24968153</idno><idno type="pmid">24968153</idno><idno type="doi">10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.06.063</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">00205</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">00205</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">000205</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Curation">000205</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">000205</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Higher vaccine effectiveness in seasons with predominant circulation of seasonal influenza A(H1N1) than in A(H3N2) seasons: test-negative case-control studies using surveillance data, Spain, 2003-2011.</title><author><name sortKey="Savulescu, Camelia" sort="Savulescu, Camelia" uniqKey="Savulescu C" first="Camelia" last="Savulescu">Camelia Savulescu</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Health Carlos III, National Centre of Epidemiology, c/Monforte de Lemos No. 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: camisav@gmail.com.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Health Carlos III, National Centre of Epidemiology, c/Monforte de Lemos No. 5, 28029 Madrid</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region nuts="2" type="communauté">Communauté de Madrid</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jimenez Jorge, Silvia" sort="Jimenez Jorge, Silvia" uniqKey="Jimenez Jorge S" first="Silvia" last="Jiménez-Jorge">Silvia Jiménez-Jorge</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Health Carlos III, National Centre of Epidemiology, c/Monforte de Lemos No. 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Health Carlos III, National Centre of Epidemiology, c/Monforte de Lemos No. 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Delgado Sanz, Concha" sort="Delgado Sanz, Concha" uniqKey="Delgado Sanz C" first="Concha" last="Delgado-Sanz">Concha Delgado-Sanz</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Health Carlos III, National Centre of Epidemiology, c/Monforte de Lemos No. 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Health Carlos III, National Centre of Epidemiology, c/Monforte de Lemos No. 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Mateo, Salvador" sort="De Mateo, Salvador" uniqKey="De Mateo S" first="Salvador" last="De Mateo">Salvador De Mateo</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Health Carlos III, National Centre of Epidemiology, c/Monforte de Lemos No. 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Health Carlos III, National Centre of Epidemiology, c/Monforte de Lemos No. 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pozo, Francisco" sort="Pozo, Francisco" uniqKey="Pozo F" first="Francisco" last="Pozo">Francisco Pozo</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Health Carlos III, Influenza Reference Laboratory, WHO National Influenza Centre, National Centre for Microbiology, 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Health Carlos III, Influenza Reference Laboratory, WHO National Influenza Centre, National Centre for Microbiology, 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Casas, Inmaculada" sort="Casas, Inmaculada" uniqKey="Casas I" first="Inmaculada" last="Casas">Inmaculada Casas</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Health Carlos III, Influenza Reference Laboratory, WHO National Influenza Centre, National Centre for Microbiology, 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Health Carlos III, Influenza Reference Laboratory, WHO National Influenza Centre, National Centre for Microbiology, 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Larrauri, Amparo" sort="Larrauri, Amparo" uniqKey="Larrauri A" first="Amparo" last="Larrauri">Amparo Larrauri</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Health Carlos III, National Centre of Epidemiology, c/Monforte de Lemos No. 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Health Carlos III, National Centre of Epidemiology, c/Monforte de Lemos No. 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Vaccine</title><idno type="eISSN">1873-2518</idno><imprint><date when="2014" type="published">2014</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Adolescent (MeSH)</term><term>Adult (MeSH)</term><term>Aged (MeSH)</term><term>Aged, 80 and over (MeSH)</term><term>Case-Control Studies (MeSH)</term><term>Child (MeSH)</term><term>Child, Preschool (MeSH)</term><term>Female (MeSH)</term><term>Humans (MeSH)</term><term>Infant (MeSH)</term><term>Infant, Newborn (MeSH)</term><term>Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype (immunology)</term><term>Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype (isolation & purification)</term><term>Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype (immunology)</term><term>Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype (isolation & purification)</term><term>Influenza Vaccines (administration & dosage)</term><term>Influenza Vaccines (immunology)</term><term>Influenza, Human (epidemiology)</term><term>Influenza, Human (prevention & control)</term><term>Influenza, Human (virology)</term><term>Male (MeSH)</term><term>Middle Aged (MeSH)</term><term>Spain (epidemiology)</term><term>Treatment Outcome (MeSH)</term><term>Young Adult (MeSH)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adolescent (MeSH)</term><term>Adulte (MeSH)</term><term>Adulte d'âge moyen (MeSH)</term><term>Enfant (MeSH)</term><term>Enfant d'âge préscolaire (MeSH)</term><term>Espagne (épidémiologie)</term><term>Femelle (MeSH)</term><term>Grippe humaine (prévention et contrôle)</term><term>Grippe humaine (virologie)</term><term>Grippe humaine (épidémiologie)</term><term>Humains (MeSH)</term><term>Jeune adulte (MeSH)</term><term>Mâle (MeSH)</term><term>Nourrisson (MeSH)</term><term>Nouveau-né (MeSH)</term><term>Résultat thérapeutique (MeSH)</term><term>Sous-type H1N1 du virus de la grippe A (immunologie)</term><term>Sous-type H1N1 du virus de la grippe A (isolement et purification)</term><term>Sous-type H3N2 du virus de la grippe A (immunologie)</term><term>Sous-type H3N2 du virus de la grippe A (isolement et purification)</term><term>Sujet âgé (MeSH)</term><term>Sujet âgé de 80 ans ou plus (MeSH)</term><term>Vaccins antigrippaux (administration et posologie)</term><term>Vaccins antigrippaux (immunologie)</term><term>Études cas-témoins (MeSH)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="administration & dosage" xml:lang="en"><term>Influenza Vaccines</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="geographic" qualifier="epidemiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Spain</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="administration et posologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Vaccins antigrippaux</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="epidemiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Influenza, Human</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="immunologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Sous-type H1N1 du virus de la grippe A</term><term>Sous-type H3N2 du virus de la grippe A</term><term>Vaccins antigrippaux</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="immunology" xml:lang="en"><term>Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype</term><term>Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype</term><term>Influenza Vaccines</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="isolation & purification" xml:lang="en"><term>Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype</term><term>Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="isolement et purification" xml:lang="fr"><term>Sous-type H1N1 du virus de la grippe A</term><term>Sous-type H3N2 du virus de la grippe A</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="prevention & control" xml:lang="en"><term>Influenza, Human</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="prévention et contrôle" xml:lang="fr"><term>Grippe humaine</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="virologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Grippe humaine</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="virology" xml:lang="en"><term>Influenza, Human</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="épidémiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Espagne</term><term>Grippe humaine</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Adolescent</term><term>Adult</term><term>Aged</term><term>Aged, 80 and over</term><term>Case-Control Studies</term><term>Child</term><term>Child, Preschool</term><term>Female</term><term>Humans</term><term>Infant</term><term>Infant, Newborn</term><term>Male</term><term>Middle Aged</term><term>Treatment Outcome</term><term>Young Adult</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adolescent</term><term>Adulte</term><term>Adulte d'âge moyen</term><term>Enfant</term><term>Enfant d'âge préscolaire</term><term>Femelle</term><term>Humains</term><term>Jeune adulte</term><term>Mâle</term><term>Nourrisson</term><term>Nouveau-né</term><term>Résultat thérapeutique</term><term>Sujet âgé</term><term>Sujet âgé de 80 ans ou plus</term><term>Études cas-témoins</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Wicri" type="geographic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Espagne</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>BACKGROUND</b></p><p>We used data provided by the Spanish influenza surveillance system to measure seasonal influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) against medically attended cases, laboratory confirmed with the predominately circulating influenza virus over eight seasons (2003-2011).</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>METHODS</b></p><p>Using the test-negative case-control design, we compared the vaccination status of swabbed influenza-like illnesses (ILI) patients who were laboratory confirmed with predominantly circulating influenza strain in the season (cases) to that of ILI patients testing negative for any influenza (controls). Data on age, sex, vaccination status and laboratory results were available for all seasons. We used logistic regression to calculate adjusted influenza VE for age, week of swabbing, Spanish region and season. We calculated the influenza VE by each season and pooling the seasons with the same predominant type/subtype.</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>RESULTS</b></p><p>Overall influenza VE against infection with A(H3N2) subtype (four seasons) was 31 (95% confidence interval (CI):10; 48). For seasonal influenza A(H1N1) (two seasons), the effectiveness was 86% (95% CI: 65; 94). Against B infection (three seasons), influenza VE was 47% (95% CI: 27; 62).</p></div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b></p><p>The Spanish influenza surveillance system allowed estimating influenza VE in the studied seasons for the predominant strain. Strengthening the influenza surveillance will result in more precise VE estimates for decision making.</p></div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">24968153</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2015</Year><Month>03</Month><Day>30</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2014</Year><Month>07</Month><Day>19</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1873-2518</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>32</Volume><Issue>35</Issue><PubDate><Year>2014</Year><Month>Jul</Month><Day>31</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Vaccine</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Vaccine</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Higher vaccine effectiveness in seasons with predominant circulation of seasonal influenza A(H1N1) than in A(H3N2) seasons: test-negative case-control studies using surveillance data, Spain, 2003-2011.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>4404-11</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.06.063</ELocationID><ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">S0264-410X(14)00864-0</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND" NlmCategory="BACKGROUND">We used data provided by the Spanish influenza surveillance system to measure seasonal influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) against medically attended cases, laboratory confirmed with the predominately circulating influenza virus over eight seasons (2003-2011).</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="METHODS" NlmCategory="METHODS">Using the test-negative case-control design, we compared the vaccination status of swabbed influenza-like illnesses (ILI) patients who were laboratory confirmed with predominantly circulating influenza strain in the season (cases) to that of ILI patients testing negative for any influenza (controls). Data on age, sex, vaccination status and laboratory results were available for all seasons. We used logistic regression to calculate adjusted influenza VE for age, week of swabbing, Spanish region and season. We calculated the influenza VE by each season and pooling the seasons with the same predominant type/subtype.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="RESULTS" NlmCategory="RESULTS">Overall influenza VE against infection with A(H3N2) subtype (four seasons) was 31 (95% confidence interval (CI):10; 48). For seasonal influenza A(H1N1) (two seasons), the effectiveness was 86% (95% CI: 65; 94). Against B infection (three seasons), influenza VE was 47% (95% CI: 27; 62).</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="CONCLUSIONS" NlmCategory="CONCLUSIONS">The Spanish influenza surveillance system allowed estimating influenza VE in the studied seasons for the predominant strain. Strengthening the influenza surveillance will result in more precise VE estimates for decision making.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Savulescu</LastName><ForeName>Camelia</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Health Carlos III, National Centre of Epidemiology, c/Monforte de Lemos No. 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain. Electronic address: camisav@gmail.com.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Jiménez-Jorge</LastName><ForeName>Silvia</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Health Carlos III, National Centre of Epidemiology, c/Monforte de Lemos No. 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Delgado-Sanz</LastName><ForeName>Concha</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Health Carlos III, National Centre of Epidemiology, c/Monforte de Lemos No. 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>de Mateo</LastName><ForeName>Salvador</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Health Carlos III, National Centre of Epidemiology, c/Monforte de Lemos No. 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pozo</LastName><ForeName>Francisco</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Health Carlos III, Influenza Reference Laboratory, WHO National Influenza Centre, National Centre for Microbiology, 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Casas</LastName><ForeName>Inmaculada</ForeName><Initials>I</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Health Carlos III, Influenza Reference Laboratory, WHO National Influenza Centre, National Centre for Microbiology, 28220 Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Larrauri</LastName><ForeName>Amparo</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Health Carlos III, National Centre of Epidemiology, c/Monforte de Lemos No. 5, 28029 Madrid, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><CollectiveName>Spanish Influenza Surveillance System</CollectiveName></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2014</Year><Month>06</Month><Day>23</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>Netherlands</Country><MedlineTA>Vaccine</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>8406899</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0264-410X</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D007252">Influenza Vaccines</NameOfSubstance></Chemical></ChemicalList><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000293" MajorTopicYN="N">Adolescent</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000328" MajorTopicYN="N">Adult</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000368" MajorTopicYN="N">Aged</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000369" MajorTopicYN="N">Aged, 80 and over</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D016022" MajorTopicYN="N">Case-Control Studies</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D002648" MajorTopicYN="N">Child</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D002675" MajorTopicYN="N">Child, Preschool</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005260" MajorTopicYN="N">Female</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D007223" MajorTopicYN="N">Infant</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D007231" MajorTopicYN="N">Infant, Newborn</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D053118" MajorTopicYN="N">Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000276" MajorTopicYN="Y">immunology</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000302" MajorTopicYN="N">isolation & purification</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D053122" MajorTopicYN="N">Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000276" MajorTopicYN="Y">immunology</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000302" MajorTopicYN="N">isolation & purification</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D007252" MajorTopicYN="N">Influenza Vaccines</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000008" MajorTopicYN="Y">administration & dosage</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000276" MajorTopicYN="Y">immunology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D007251" MajorTopicYN="N">Influenza, Human</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000453" MajorTopicYN="Y">epidemiology</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000517" MajorTopicYN="Y">prevention & control</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000821" MajorTopicYN="N">virology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008297" MajorTopicYN="N">Male</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008875" MajorTopicYN="N">Middle Aged</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D013030" MajorTopicYN="N" Type="Geographic">Spain</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000453" MajorTopicYN="N">epidemiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D016896" MajorTopicYN="N">Treatment Outcome</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D055815" MajorTopicYN="N">Young Adult</DescriptorName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Case control studies</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Effectiveness</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Influenza</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Sentinel surveillance</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Vaccines and immunisation</Keyword></KeywordList><InvestigatorList><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mayoral</LastName><ForeName>Jose María</ForeName><Initials>JM</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gallardo</LastName><ForeName>Virtudes</ForeName><Initials>V</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Navarro</LastName><ForeName>José María</ForeName><Initials>JM</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ruiz</LastName><ForeName>Mercedes Pérez</ForeName><Initials>MP</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Adiego</LastName><ForeName>Begoña</ForeName><Initials>B</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Marco</LastName><ForeName>Elisa</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Omeñaca</LastName><ForeName>Manuel</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Egido</LastName><ForeName>Pilar</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Margolles</LastName><ForeName>Mario</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Huerta</LastName><ForeName>Ismael</ForeName><Initials>I</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>de Oña</LastName><ForeName>María</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Melón</LastName><ForeName>Santiago</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Nicolau</LastName><ForeName>Antonio</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gimenez</LastName><ForeName>Jaume</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Reina</LastName><ForeName>Jordi</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>González</LastName><ForeName>Lucas</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pérez</LastName><ForeName>Carmen</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Viloria</LastName><ForeName>Luis J</ForeName><Initials>LJ</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Sanjuán</LastName><ForeName>María Victoria</ForeName><Initials>MV</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gutiérrez</LastName><ForeName>Gonzalo</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Vega</LastName><ForeName>Tomás</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lozano</LastName><ForeName>José E</ForeName><Initials>JE</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>de Lejarazu</LastName><ForeName>Raúl Ortiz</ForeName><Initials>RO</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Eiros</LastName><ForeName>José María</ForeName><Initials>JM</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Martínez</LastName><ForeName>Ana</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Torner</LastName><ForeName>Nuria</ForeName><Initials>N</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pumarola</LastName><ForeName>Tomás</ForeName><Initials>T</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Marcos</LastName><ForeName>María Ángeles</ForeName><Initials>MÁ</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zurriaga</LastName><ForeName>Oscar</ForeName><Initials>O</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>López</LastName><ForeName>Aurora</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gimeno</LastName><ForeName>Concepción</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ramos</LastName><ForeName>Julián Mauro</ForeName><Initials>JM</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Serrano</LastName><ForeName>María</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Viñuelas</LastName><ForeName>Jesús</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rodríguez</LastName><ForeName>Guadalupe</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Purriños</LastName><ForeName>María Jesús</ForeName><Initials>MJ</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Miragaya</LastName><ForeName>Isabel López</ForeName><Initials>IL</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Costa</LastName><ForeName>Juan García</ForeName><Initials>JG</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ordobás</LastName><ForeName>María</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Cañellas</LastName><ForeName>Soledad</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Galán</LastName><ForeName>Juan Carlos</ForeName><Initials>JC</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Fulgueiras</LastName><ForeName>Ana García</ForeName><Initials>AG</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>García</LastName><ForeName>Rocío</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Docón</LastName><ForeName>Antonio Moreno</ForeName><Initials>AM</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Castilla</LastName><ForeName>Jesús</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Fernández</LastName><ForeName>Mirian</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Arteagoitia</LastName><ForeName>José María</ForeName><Initials>JM</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>González</LastName><ForeName>Fernando</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pérez-Trallero</LastName><ForeName>Emilio</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Cilla</LastName><ForeName>Gustavo</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Vicente</LastName><ForeName>Diego</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Quiñones</LastName><ForeName>Carmen</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Perucha</LastName><ForeName>Milagros</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Blasco</LastName><ForeName>Mirian</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rivas</LastName><ForeName>Ana</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Barba</LastName><ForeName>José López</ForeName><Initials>JL</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Castrillejo</LastName><ForeName>Daniel</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Larrauri</LastName><ForeName>Amparo</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Jorge</LastName><ForeName>Silvia Jimenez</ForeName><Initials>SJ</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Delgado</LastName><ForeName>Concepción</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>de Mateo</LastName><ForeName>Salvador</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Casas</LastName><ForeName>Inmaculada</ForeName><Initials>I</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Pozo</LastName><ForeName>Francisco</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ledesma</LastName><ForeName>Juan</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Cuevas</LastName><ForeName>María Teresa</ForeName><Initials>MT</Initials></Investigator><Investigator ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Breña</LastName><ForeName>Pilar Perez</ForeName><Initials>PP</Initials></Investigator></InvestigatorList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2014</Year><Month>02</Month><Day>22</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="revised"><Year>2014</Year><Month>05</Month><Day>29</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2014</Year><Month>06</Month><Day>12</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2014</Year><Month>6</Month><Day>27</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2014</Year><Month>6</Month><Day>27</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2015</Year><Month>3</Month><Day>31</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">24968153</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">S0264-410X(14)00864-0</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.06.063</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></pubmed><affiliations><list><country><li>Espagne</li></country><region><li>Communauté de Madrid</li></region><settlement><li>Madrid</li></settlement></list><tree><country name="Espagne"><region name="Communauté de Madrid"><name sortKey="Savulescu, Camelia" sort="Savulescu, Camelia" uniqKey="Savulescu C" first="Camelia" last="Savulescu">Camelia Savulescu</name></region><name sortKey="Casas, Inmaculada" sort="Casas, Inmaculada" uniqKey="Casas I" first="Inmaculada" last="Casas">Inmaculada Casas</name><name sortKey="De Mateo, Salvador" sort="De Mateo, Salvador" uniqKey="De Mateo S" first="Salvador" last="De Mateo">Salvador De Mateo</name><name sortKey="Delgado Sanz, Concha" sort="Delgado Sanz, Concha" uniqKey="Delgado Sanz C" first="Concha" last="Delgado-Sanz">Concha Delgado-Sanz</name><name sortKey="Jimenez Jorge, Silvia" sort="Jimenez Jorge, Silvia" uniqKey="Jimenez Jorge S" first="Silvia" last="Jiménez-Jorge">Silvia Jiménez-Jorge</name><name sortKey="Larrauri, Amparo" sort="Larrauri, Amparo" uniqKey="Larrauri A" first="Amparo" last="Larrauri">Amparo Larrauri</name><name sortKey="Pozo, Francisco" sort="Pozo, Francisco" uniqKey="Pozo F" first="Francisco" last="Pozo">Francisco Pozo</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour 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